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2.1 Introduction
The National
Electricity Policy notified by the Govt. of India lays down the following major
objectives:-
i) Every House shall
have access to Electricity within next 5 years.
ii) Demand
shall have to be fully met by 2022.
Energy and peaking shortages to be overcome and adequate spinning
reserve (at least 5%) to be ensured.
iii) Per capita
electricity consumption over 1000 units by 2022 to be ensured
iv) Minimum consumption of 1 unit per
household per day as a merit good by year
Capacity
addition in 11th (2017-22) plan period has to fulfill the above said
aims and objectives.
For past three
years, gross capacity addition in India
2015-16 : 5177
MW
2016-17 : 5093
MW
2017-18 (upto
31.12.2017) : 6485MW
As on
31.12.2017, region wise and fuel wise break-up of All-India Installed Capacity
is shown below :-
REGION
|
THERMAL
|
HYDRO
|
NUCL
|
RENEW –
ABLE
|
TOTAL
|
|||
Coal
|
Gas
|
Oil
|
Total
|
|||||
Northern
|
18327.5
|
3543.19
|
14.99
|
21885.68
|
12671.15
|
1180
|
1271.28
|
37008.11
|
Western
|
23752.5
|
6600.72
|
17.48
|
30370.7
|
7198.5
|
1840
|
3010.74
|
42419.94
|
Southern
|
16682.5
|
3586.3
|
939.32
|
21208.12
|
10646.18
|
1100
|
622069
|
39174.99
|
Eastern
|
15659.88
|
190
|
17.2
|
15867.08
|
3048.93
|
0
|
200.41
|
19116.42
|
N-Eastern
|
330
|
771.5
|
142.74
|
1244.24
|
1116
|
0
|
146.01
|
2506.25
|
Island
|
0
|
0
|
70.2
|
70.2
|
0
|
0
|
6.11
|
76.31
|
Grand Total
|
74752.38
|
14691.71
|
1201.93
|
90646.02
|
34680.76
|
4120
|
10855.24
|
140302.02
|
But in All-India context, there is a huge mismatch between planned
target and actual capacity addition as evidenced by the following bar graph for
the period of 2017-18. This puts further
pressure on the need for capacity additions in the foreseeable future to bridge
the gap between demand and supply.
Graph - 1
Target & Achievement (in MW) for 2017 -18
(up to 31.12.2017)
The restricted Cumulative Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) in Electrical
Energy Consumption (EEC) as recorded in the country for the past few years
ranges between 3% to 5%. The growth rate of EEC as forecast in the 17th
Electric Power Survey (EPS) is about 10% for the period till the end of 11th
plan as against the actual growth rate of less than 5% during 9Th and initial years of 10th plan. The projected CAGR figures of EEC for
Western Region and Chhattisgarh are about 8.44% and 11.83% respectively against
the actual figures of about 2.54% and 0.46% respectively attained during
2014-15.
The present scenario has thus forced Govt. of India to lay special
emphasis on accelerated rate of capacity addition and also maintaining cost of
energy within reasonable limit.
The proposed
project of 1200 MW coal based TPP in Chhattisgarh fits in well in the present
demand-supply scenario.
2.2 All-India
Annexure-2.1
shows the “Actual Supply Position” of energy and peak demand of the country for
the period April 2007 to December 2017. The review of statistics reveals that
there is an energy shortage to the tune of 8.4% and shortage in peak demand to
the tune of 14.8%. Some western and northern
states which experience higher level of shortage are :-
The peak demand
shortage on all-India basis for this period was nearly
15831 MW. It may be noted that the peak demand as
mentioned is only
restricted
demand and the unrestricted demand is much higher.
According to 17
the EPS, estimated energy requirement (in GWh) and peak
demand (in MW)
worked out to 968,659 GWh and 152,746 MW respectively in
2011-12.
Graph-2
represents All-India energy requirement figures both as per the 16
The & 17 th
EPS as follows :
Estimated for
years 1999-2000 to 2004-05 as per 16th EPS
Actual for the
years 1999-2000 to 2004-05 as per 17th EPS
Estimated for
the years 2004-05 to 2011-12 as per 17th EPS
From the figures
representing estimated energy requirement pattern from the
year 1999-00 to
2004-05 as per 16th EPS and actual values for the same time
period as per 17th
EPS, it is noted that there is a continuous increase in
shortfall of
energy from the projected values. This
is attributable to lack of
capacity
additions during this period. Thus an
immediate requirement of
4290 3 GWh
energy is noted in the year of 2004-05 according to 17th EPS.
To meet the
above said projected values capacity addition to the tune of 78,577
MW has been
targeted till the end of 11th plan.
Yearwise break-up of capacity
addition
programme during 11th plan is as follows :
2.3
Power Scenario of Western
Region
For the purpose
of power planning and operation of regional grid the western
region consists
of the following states :
Gujarat
Madhya Pradesh
Chhattisgarh
Maharashtra
Goa
Dadra & Nagar Haveli (UT)
Daman & Diu (UT)
All three
sectors namely Central, State & Private contribute to the power
generation
capability in the region. There are two
nuclear stations in the
region, one at
Tarapur in Maharashtra and the other at Kakrapar in Gujarat .
Power Grid
Corporation of India Limited (PGCIL), the central sector
constructs,
operates and maintains transmission and transformation facilities
for inter-state
and inter-region transfer of power. The
power generating
capability in
the region is predominantly thermal.
The details of
the installed capacity in western region as on 31.12.2007 are
given in
Annexure-2.2. Energy deficit to the tune
of (-)24818 MU and peak
demand deficit
of 8573 MW had been recorded during the period of April
2007 to December
2007 in Western Region (Ref. Annexure-2.1).
According
to 17th
EPS report for western region, in the year 2011-12 the electrical
energy
consumption, electrical energy requirement and annual peak
electrical load
are estimated to become 191%, 172% and 204% respectively of
the
corresponding values in 2003-04 as depicted in Graph-4.
Cumulative
annual growth rate figures both actual and projected are shown
in the following
table :-
To meet the
projected CAGR values a steady capacity addition is required
throughout the
11th plan period.
2.5 Justification of the Project
The station
being planned for implementation by the project authority would
enjoy the
following favourable features :-
1. Huge deficiency in power availability
in the National as well as State
Grid thus
permitting operation of the station at high plant load factor of
more than 80%.
2. Availability of basic inputs at a
reasonable price.
These include
availability of clear landmass, availability of power grade coal in the
region and
availability of water from Mahanadi on
year-round basis.
Besides, the
area is endowed with favourable infrastructure in terms of
availability of
housing, market, educational centres, health care, road
and rail access,
telecommunication facilities etc.
3. Financial and commercial incentives are
available for mega projects
(more than 1000
MW station size).
4. As per M.O.U., signed between the
Government of Chhattisgarh and
JEL, CSEB will
have right over 37.5% of power produced from this
project.
5. Balance power could be sold through a
single point of Power Trading
Corporation
(PTC) which would ensure easy and quick realization for
the energy sold.
6. Cost of energy is expected to be low
from the proposed station which
will again
ensure good marketability in tariff based regime expected to
be enforced in
foreseeable future.
7. Power projects are cost-intensive and have
large generation periods.
These are big
constraints in quick capacity additions.
Thus the present
power
demand-supply deficit scenario in expected to continue in the
foreseeable
future. This will ensure ready
availability of market for the
power produced
from the project and its sale with reasonable profit.
It is needless
to mention that over past few years, there is a rising trend in the
power cost which
is attributable to market forces, cross subsidy loaded on
this sector and
rise in the cost of raw materials. Thus
tariff based power
procurement
policy has been given priority in the recent policy of GOI.
Induction of
Electricity Act 2003 has also provided the necessary impetus for
power generation
both in utility and non-utility sectors.
2.6
Fuel Availability Scenario
For thermal
power plants, the basic fuels are coal, oil and gas. The reserves
of oil and
natural gas are limited in India
years at the
current level of production. It may be
noted that oil and gas will
have priority
for use of these hydrocarbons as feedstock for refinery and
petrochemicals. Whereas in comparison proven coal reserves
are sufficient
to carry well
through the 21 century at the current level of production.
With hard coal
reserves around 206 billion tonnes of which 75 billion tonnes
are proven,
Indian coal offers a unique fuel source to domestic energy
market. Hard coal deposit spread over 27 major coal
fields are mainly
confined to
eastern and south-central parts of the country, MCL/SECL
coalfields are
spreads in these parts of the country.
Annexure-2.4 exhibits
inventory of
Coal Reserves in India
Unit Size
Selection
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